‘When property is fought over, it is not unusual for a document to surface which purports to answer the question of beneficial ownership conclusively. In such a situation, a disappointed party’s instinct to allege that it is all a sham is understandable, but the doctrine itself is not commonly invoked successfully. That is because what must be proved is (in substance) dishonesty, and dishonesty is a serious allegation which engages special professional obligations, and must be pleaded and proved properly.’
Wilberforce Chambers, 4th August 2026
Source: www.wilberforce.co.uk
